unit 33 assignment 2

Treatment

Inspired by the parable of the good samaritan. a Jewish traveler is robbed and injured on a Journey but the priest and Pharisee although looking at him do nottcharacter ds they nteodeffects parabt to becomethe main ... while a samaritan despised by the jews does stop and help the man even taking ambient sound, sound tracks, an inn and paying for him this shows how we shoudramatic thneighbours. although the original story was set in jerusalem and in the old age, my stop motion will be set in the 21st century and the characters will be non human characters. the moral of the story will remain... in life we should aspire to be nice to our neighbours and make the world a better place through great acts of service.

The opening of the stop motion will showcase the mise en scene more than the character. The location will be an empty street. The right side of the street will look appealing to the eye and rather fancy as a representation of wealth and upperclass. The left will look less appealing with less beautiful buildings, but both will have one thing in common and thats street art. The street art will have some messages with them about humanity such as; stop the violence, gang signs, the sign for "where is the love" and more. there will be a narrator in the background.

The story will then take place as the main character is introduced, he will have the appearance of a solidier as a way of getting the audience to sympathise with him at first sight. As he walks down the neighbourhood he will be attacked by what a gang of rogue who will assault him badly. After the assault  as the narrator continues the priest will walk past the assaulted victim so will the rich man. At last the character representing the samaritan will have the appearance a foreign soldier. he will then care for him and help him resume his journey, the setting will change as he enters the house , the art and decoration of the house will carry some messages with them too about humanity as the mise en scene in the first act did. The story will draw near to its end as the narrator explains the message behind the story and some art reflecting on our world will appear on the screen.

The stop motion is targeted at a general audience; from young children from the age of 5+, teenagers and adults, the message behind it applies to both children and adults. Every aspect of the stop motion from the mise en scene, dialogue, character and music will be carry a message that is related to everyone. 

The stop motion will be more appealing to religious people who are more familiar with the parable.

Christians are more familiar with it because it is in their holy book ( the bible), but the overall message of the parable is found in other religions such as islam: "the qur-an: if you give alms openly, it is well; but if you do it secretly and give to the poor, that is better". the buddhist know it as the act of charity.

The use of modern street art, popular music and the dialogue will attract the other part of the audience which is non religious people.

The use of the upper class and low class sides of the street will aim the video at both different group of people. The use of toy soldiers will draw the children's attention in, the use dialogue of the narrator will appeal to the adults. The music will attract the teens as some song will be songs from the charts that reflect of on the mood of the scene; as the soldier walks down peacefully happy by pharrell will play but the minute the gang makes their appearance the music will change into a kanye west song with a hard tone. 

More importantly the street signs will appeal more teenager and adults from 16+ as they will contain signs such as the international sign for peace, love and so on. They will be drawn in an artistic way that will catch the eyes attention at first glance. 

The deign of the characters will be really specific; all characters will be soldiers but there will be a difference is uniforms. the soldier playing the role of the good samaritan will have a darker uniform from the soldier that's been attacked; the reason behind that difference is to show that you dont have to look the same or be the same to help each other. the antagonists of the story will poses guns as props to villainise them.[[[

My stop motion is similar to the "the walking dead: episode 2- mercy of the living (stop motion) that is found on youtube. Besides the characters, its mise en scene is impressive as it is real live designs of houses, streets and props. Just like the walking dead stop motion, my stop motion will have a mise en scene that resembles real locations. It also uses a range of shots from all angles and sides, the character is shown from every angle and side. That is the storytelling element of my stop motion that will add more interest in to the animation. Just like the walking dead stop motion, mine will use sound effectively to prompt the audience into anticipation danger and feel emotions.


Peer analysis of treatment 

the reviews of my treatment by fellow classmates were rather helpful and insightful. they all agreed with the plot and narrative of the story but their common comment was " it is an important message for both old and new generation; treat people the same way you would like to be treated, with love and kindness.
everyone understood the characters and could visualise thanks to "the great detail that was in the description" charlotte makin. everyone understood the targeted audience and understood why its a broad target audience because " it a story thats proven to be appealing to people of all ages, children and adults" matt ben.

everyone saw the genre not because i said in the treatment but because of the plot of the story, they thought i did infact use examples of other similar videos and one that really stuck out to the majority was the "walking dead stop motion" as they appreciated the detail in the mise en scene.
there were no suggestions made of other videos to examine, everyone thought the description of the set design that i described in my treatment was going to be similar to the one used in the walking dead as it resembles real locations. they complimented me on the detail in the principles and choices that i have made ,especially the choice to use soundtrack to create anticipation and emotion.

Storyboard

set designs

character designs

sound.

the stopmotion will begin with nothing but ambiet sound as the wind blows. at the 5th second a soundtrack will appear along with the narrator as the story begins, at the tenth second the main character will be introduced and a change of soundtrack will appear, the purpose of the soundtrack change is to communicate the mood and emotions of the character (happy).

a few seconds after a dramatic soundtrack change will take place as we introduce the antagonists. the use of soundtracks will indicate the emotions and also help communicate the narrative. sound effects will be used as the main character gets abused as a tool to add realism to the stopmotion. 

the narrator, ambient sound, different soundtracks, and sound effects will all be used to help tell this story.



 i certify this work as my own

zoetrope

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1EIwxXDXBTxQmR1YzdMZW9xdkE/edit?usp=sharing

ZOETROPE.

A zoetrope is one of several pre‑cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. Wikipedia

A zoetrope is one of several pre-cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning".

The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion. From the late 20th century, devices working on similar principles have been developed, named analogously as linear zoetropes and 3D zoetropes, with traditional zoetropes referred to as "cylindrical zoetropes" if distinction is needed.

A zoetrope is one of several pre-cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning".

The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion. From the late 20th century, devices working on similar principles have been developed, named analogously as linear zoetropes and 3D zoetropes, with traditional zoetropes referred to as "cylindrical zoetropes" if distinction is needed.

Throughout its thirty-year history American Zoetrope has sought new creative possibilities in technology. We continue to produce films and offer post-production services from our headquarters, the historic Sentinel Building in San Francisco's North Beach. And we continue to explore the creative possibilities of new technology.

Within this website is one such experiment, the Zoetrope Virtual Studio, a complete motion picture production studio on the Web. It offers powerful collaborative tools for writers, directors, producers and other film artists. It also includes a number of film-related discussion sections and chat rooms. Join the Virtual Studio. 

http://www.zoetrope.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetrope 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_8fX-N3Ji4

Attachments area

Preview YouTube video Zoetrope

Zoetrope

A zoetrope is one of several pre-cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning".

The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion. From the late 20th century, devices working on similar principles have been developed, named analogously as linear zoetropes and 3D zoetropes, with traditional zoetropes referred to as "cylindrical zoetropes" if distinction is needed.

A device which one historian of Chinese technology called "a variety of zoetrope" was created around 100 BC by the inventor Ding Huan (丁緩),^[1] but the exact nature of that device, which is commonly misreported in derivative sources, and the historian's definition of "a variety of zoetrope" are both very unclear.^[2]

The basic drum-like form of the zoetrope was created in 1833^[3] or 1834 by British mathematician William George Horner, who was aware of the recently invented and closely related phenakistoscope disc.^[4]Horner's revolving drum had viewing slits between the pictures. He called it the "daedaleum" (sometimes misspelled "daedalum" or "daedatelum" and erroneously claimed to mean "the wheel of the devil"), a reference to the Greek myth of Daedalus.^[4] The daedaleum failed to become popular until the 1860s, when a variant with the viewing slits on a level above the pictures, which allowed the use of easily replaceable continuous strips of images, was patented by both English and American makers, including Milton Bradley. The American inventor William F. Lincoln named his version the "zoetrope", meaning "wheel of life".^[5]

The zoetrope works on the same principle as the phenakistoscope but is more convenient and allows the animation to be viewed by several people at the same time. Instead of being radially arrayed on a disc, the sequence of pictures depicting phases of motion is on a paper strip. For viewing, this is placed against the inner surface of the lower part of an open-topped metal drum, the upper part of which is provided with a vertical viewing slit across from each picture. The drum, on a spindle base, is spun. Due to persistence of vision, viewers looking in through the passing slits see each picture on the strip seem to be suddenly replaced by the next in the sequence. The phi phenomenon is responsible for the illusion of animation. The faster the drum is spun, the smoother the animation appears.

The earliest projected moving images were displayed using a magic lantern zoetrope. This crude projection of moving images occurred as early as the 1860s.

The praxinoscope was an improvement on the zoetrope that became popular toward the end of the 19th century,^[6] displacing the zoetrope for practical uses; a magic lantern praxinoscope was demonstrated in the 1880s.

For displaying moving images, zoetropes were displaced by more advanced technology, notably film and later television. However, in the early 1970s, Sega used a mechanism similar to an ancient zoetrope in order to create electro-mechanical arcade games that would resemble later first-person video games.^[7]

Since the late 20th century, zoetropes have seen occasional use for artwork, entertainment, and other media use, notably as linear zoetropes on subway lines, and from the early 21st century some 3D zoetropes.

1. a 19th-century optical toy consisting of a cylinder with a series of pictures on the inner surface that, when viewed through slits with the cylinder rotating, give an impression of continuous motion.

   The zoetrope (pronounced ZOH-uh-trohp), invented in 1834 by William George Horner, was an early form of motion picture projector that consisted of a drum containing a set of still images, that was turned in a circular fashion in order to create the illusion of motion. Horner originally called it the Daedatelum, but Pierre Desvignes, a French inventor, renamed his version of it the zoetrope (from Greek word root zoo for animal life and tropefor "things that turn.")

   A zoetrope is relatively easy to build. It can be turned at a variable rate to create slow-motion or speeded-up effects. Like other motion simulation devices, the zoetrope depends on the fact that the human retina retains an image for about a tenth-of-a-second so that if a new image appears in that time, the sequence was seem to be uninterrupted and continuous. It also depends on what is referred to as the Phi phenomenon, which observes that we try to make sense out of any sequence of impressions, continuously relating them to each other.

   The visual effect created by a zoetrope (or zoopraxiscope) is still used today to createanimated GIFs and video display technologies such as streaming video, which essentially create an effect of motion by presenting discrete but closely-related images one after the other.

   The zoetrope is one of several animation toys which were invented in the
   19th century, as people experimented with ways to make moving pictures. 
   The zoetrope appeared first in England in 1834, then France in 1860 and
   finally the United States in 1867. The "Daedatelum" was invented by William 
   George Horner in 1834 and renamed "Zoetrope" by French inventor, Pierre Desvignes. In "zoetrope" you might recognize the root word "zoo" from a Greek word meaning animal or life. "Trope" is also from Greek and refers to things that turn.

   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   ZOETROPE 

   
   

   

   
   

   Video Example of a zoetrope

   
   

   

   
   

   
   

   The zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William George Horner, it was one of the

   earliest forms of a motion picture projector that consisted of a drum containing a set of still images, that was turned in a circular fashion in order to create the illusion of motion.

   
   

   
   

    Zoetrope's consist of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion.

   
   

   
   

   A zoetrope is relatively easy to build. It can be turned at a variable rate to create slow-motion or speeded-up effects.  Also the visual effect created by a zoetrope is still used today to create animated GIFs and video display technologies such as streaming video, which essentially create an effect of motion by presenting discrete but closely-related images one after the other.

   
   

   
   

   a zoetrope is a device that has pictures or photos on and slits on the outside.

   when its spun, it produces an illusion of movement when the user looks at the photos or pictures through the slits

   

   it was invented in 1834 by William Horner. he orgnially called it the Daedalum (wheel of the devil) His invention was strangely forgotten until 1867. its the third majoy optical toy.

   a sequence of hand draw pictures were placed around the inner bottom of the drum and slots were then cut equally on the outer surface of the drum. To create the illusion of the pictures moving, you drum was span. The faster it was span, the smoother the pictures moved. the scanning of the slits, kept the images from blurring together

   
   

   when the praxinoscope was invented, the zoetrope got declinded. the  praxinoscope offers a clearer, brighter image, but then, in 1889, George Eastman invented flexible photographic film, which allowed a lot of film to be held on one reel. zoetrope picture strips were limited to about 15 pictures per strip, devices using reels of the new flexible film could present longer animations to viewers. 

   then in 1895, modern cinema was made. Once moving pictures could be projected on a large screen, optical toys such as the zoetrope became used less and less frequently.

   
   There is also 3D zoetrope that makes static 3D sculptures appear to move and come to life. Using strobe LED lights and 18 characters, each in a different pose, on a rotating platform. The 3D Zoetrope recreates the effect of looking through slits of the original zoetropes. The models are mounted on a rotating base and the light flashes on and off with a small fraction of a second as each model passes the same spot. Toy Story was made by using 3D zoetrope.

     

   
   

   
   

   
   

homework on praxinoscope

praxinoscope



The Praxinoscope, invented in 1877 by the Frenchman, Emile Reynaud (1844-1918), is a precursor of the moving picture. Here, a band of pictures, each slightly different from its neighbor, is placed inside a rotating drum, quite similar to the arrangement of pictures in the Zoetrope. In Reynaud's design the pictures were viewed in succession by reflection from a series of narrow vertical mirrors placed at the center of the drum. The drum is spun by hand, and the horse appears to gallop.

http://physics.kenyon.edu/EarlyApparatus/Optical_Recreations/Praxinoscopes/Praxinoscopes.html

http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/exhibits/fancy-names-and-fun-toys/praxinoscope/

How it works:

A band of pictures is placed inside a shallow outer cylinder, so that each picture is reflected by the inner set of mirrors.  The number of mirrors is equal to the number of pictures, and the images of the pictures are viewed in the mirrors.  When the outer cylinder rotates, the quick succession of reflected pictures gives the illusion of a moving picture. 

What became of it:

Using this principle, Reynaud found a way to project the series of pictures onto a screen.  He called this the "Theatre Optique."  A standard praxinoscope, like the one above, can only accomodate a second or two of animation because of the limited number of pictures it contains.  Reynaud's "Theatre Optique" used a long roll of paper to increase the number of pictures, and was therefore able to create a much longer show for an audience. 

videos:

Using a drum design which revolved, as with the Zoetrope, the images were viewed reflected in a prism of mirrors which rose from the centre of the drum. Each mirror as it passed flashed a clear image opposed to it.

The result was perfect animation without the loss of luminosity in movement which was experienced with the Zoetrope.

The next step, as Reynaud saw it, was to adapt his existing device so that the animated pictures could be projected. The replacement of the opaque drawings with transparent drawings meant that light could be shone through them. The light which shone through the pictures was reflected by the mirror prism and focused onto a screen through a lens.

In 1872 Reynaud took this idea and turned it into theatrical entertainment. Up until this point animation toys had been limited to repetitive images. Reynaud noted this and devised a method of painting a series of pictures on small glass plates which were joined together in a single flexible strip. The animated characters were projected onto a screen from behind.

Reynaud exhibited his projecting Praxinoscope giving public performances using long broad strips of hand painted frames.

The effect he achieved was successful but was jerky and slow. In addition the labour required to draw the strips meant that Reynaud’s films could not easily be reproduced.

Reynaud’s Theatre Optique came remarkably close to the cinema - all that it lacked was the addition of photography.

In 1876 he decided to make an optical toy to amuse a young child. Improving on the Phenakistiscope and Zoetrope, Reynaud devised the Praxinoscope (patented December 1877). Consisting of a cylinder with a band of coloured images set inside, a central drum of mirrors was set exactly equidistant between the axis and mirror drum. As the toy revolved the reflection of each picture seen in the mirror drum appeared stationary. The images blended to give a clear, bright, undistorted moving picture without flicker. He produced the praxinoscope commercially, receiving an Honourable Mention in the Paris Exposition of 1878.
The following year Reynaud added a patent supplement for an improvement, the Praxinoscope Theatre. The mirror drum and cylinder were set in a wooden box with a glass-covered viewing aperture, reflecting a card printed with a background. The moving subjects - a juggler, clowns, a steeple-chase - were printed on a black band, and appeared superimposed on a suitable scene.
A further development was the Projection Praxinoscope (below), which used a series of transparent pictures on glass an oil lamp illuminated the images, and the mirror reflections passed through a lens onto a screen.The same lamp projected a static background, and once again the moving pictures were seen in an appropriate setting.


In December 1888 Reynaud patented his Theatre Optique, a large-scale Praxinoscope intended for public projection.(see next page). By using spools to feed and take up the extended picture band, sequences were no longer limited to short cyclic movements

The Red Raven Magic Mirror and its special children's phonograph records, introduced in the US in 1956, was a 20th-century adaptation of the praxinoscope. The Magic Mirror was a sixteen-sided praxinoscopic reflector with angled facets. It was placed over the record player's spindle and rotated along with the 78 rpm record, which had a very large label with a sequence of sixteen interwoven animation frames arrayed around its center. As the record played, the user gazed into the Magic Mirror and saw an endlessly repeating animated scene that illustrated the recorded song. In the 1960s, versions of the Red Raven system were introduced in Europe and Japan under various names—Teddy in France and the Netherlands, Mamil Moviton in Italy, etc

Genre activity (emman and matt)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1EIwxXDXBTxSWVvOU0yYjA3bE0/edit?usp=sharing

unit 33 assignment 1

principles of animation

The most known principles of animation were developed by the "old men of Walt Disney" ; frank Thomas and Ollie Johnson during the 1930's. the principles came as a result of reflection about their practiced and through Disney's desire to make a way of animation that appeared more realistic in terms of how things move and how that movement might be used to express character and personality. some of those principles are:
squash and stretch :This action gives the illusion of weight and volume to a character as it moves. also squash and stretch is useful in animating dialogue and doing facial expressions.
it is used in all forms of characters in animation from bouncing a ball to the body weight of a person walking.
Anticipation: This movement prepares the audiences for a major action the character is about to perform, such as stating to run, jump as exchange expression. a dancer does not just leap off the floor. a backwards motion accures before the forward action is executed.
Staging: A pose or action should clearly communicate to the audience the attitude, mood, reaction or idea of the character as it relates to the story and continuity of the storyline. the effective use of long, medium or a close up shot aswell as camera angles also helps telling the story. also staging directs the audience's attention to the story or idea being told, care must also be to0 key in background design so it isn't obscuring the animation or competing with it due to excess detail behind the animation.

there are other principles such as: follow through and overlapping action which accures when the main body of the character stops but all other parts continue to catch up to the main mass of the character, such as arms, long hair, clothing or a long tail. other principles are slow out and slow in, arcs, secondary action, timing, exaggeration, solid drawing and appeal. a;; principles are there to make the final animation a great artistic and better product in every single way.
HISTORY

Stop motion animation has been around for a long time, almost as long as traditional film-making. Originally stop motion involved animating objects which included the animated movement of any "non-drawn" objects such as toys, blocks or any rigid inanimate object you care to mention. This was quickly followed by cel animation. And then animators experimented with clay animation and puppet animation which is what you may be familiar with in Wallace and Gromit and so forth.  

Some early examples of stop motion films and techniques can be seen in the "The Humpty Dumpty Circus" (1898) and in "Fun in a Bakery Shop" (1902). In 1907 "The Haunted Hotel" was a very successful movie with the cinema audience of the time. In 1912 one of the first clay animation movies using stop motion was released to great critical acclaim. It was called "Modelling Extraordinary" In 1916, the first woman animator, Helena Smith Dayton, began experimenting with clay stop motion. She released her first film in 1917, Romeo and Juliet. December of 1916, brought the first of Willie Hopkin's 54 episodes of "Miracles in Mud" to the big screen

Stop-motion has changed a lot since the early 20th century. In fact, stop-motion is rarely used anymore, only in children's TV shows. 
With the development of digital 3D animation, animating a 3D character in a film has become much easier and faster, which is favoured by the industry. 3D animation allows unreal characters to seem to be alive.


Here are different types, animators and technologies of stop motion:

The phenakistoscope

The phenakistoscope made is 1832

Zoetrope
Zoetrope made in 1833-1834

The praxinoscope
the praxinoscope made in 1877

Willis H. O'brien
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oORGuJfAaO9E8QXawJfwb-M6B0SkFRNeaOn897o7FBI/edit?usp=sharing

kinetoscope
Kinetoscope developed in 1889

Ray harryhausen 1920
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BGCqJQpRvG4y6SkkNwJOUPzOAELeeFzPbOBFhAOvd24/edit?usp=sharing

King kong(1933)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOMKnhN7ABsDirected by merian c. Cooper
Targetted audience: young adults and adults due to the violence and the fact that it could be scary to younger audience.

jan svankmajor
jan svankmajor began making his short films in 1964

lee hardcastle
lee hardcastle born in 1985

Wallace and gromit direct by nick park in 1989
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJDhmlMQT60
Targeted audience: children from and teenagers, its humour and charm are appealing to kids from the age of 3 up to 12 or even more.

Modern technology in stop motion 1993
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c4h65UcU-pxTQio14Iic7bJ9hSn-vavSWd8d_HKGhl4/edit?usp=sharing

Gumby (1995)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y2MdacVPVik
Produced by Warner vision inch
Trageted audience: children of a young age 1 to 5

i

Paranormal(2012)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hgwSpajMw3s
Produced by focus features
Targetted audiences: children from the age of 5 and young teenagers, the narrative and setting of the story is mainly aimed at teenagers and kids due to the main characters age and the fact that he goes school.

the pirates in an adventure with scientist 2012
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ho08smK_zSc
produced by Aardman animation in partnership with sony pictures animation
directed by peter lord
audience: children 3+ and 12+, the reason is because its a good enjoyable stop motion thats enjoyable to children and also young teenagers because of its humour.

owl city- fireflies stopmotion video 2010

directed by andrew r Jones
Targeted audience :pop music fans , general public
mostly teenager and younger kids from 12+ because they are the main audience for pop music.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkAVQfS8ZEw

twitter animation improvisation 2009
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C068fLwk9Aw
created by jelle vandan
targeted audience 12+ , young people use twitter alot along with other social networks but so do adults so the video is aimed at teenagers and adults.

paranorman

The targeted audience for paranormal is children and teenagers, but adult can enjoy watching it too. it is an adventure and comedy animation. paranorman uses the animation principles to create different effects on the audience. it mostly uses the principle of gravity, at the 26th second of the clip the main character norman gets pushed and falls to the ground, their use of the gravity principle has an effect of the audience as it gives the animation a realism and showcases the danger of being pushed. the bully pushes norman and he falls, the audience relate to that and it feels more real because a certain kid in the audience that has experience with bullies instantly relates to that more than he would if norman got pushed and floated in the air like a ballon, that is the effect of the gravity principle. another principle the use is secondary action.

At the thirteenth second , norman's father is in the middle of talking whiles fixing the light. as he speaks, his legs are balancing him on the ladder, his left hand is fixing the lamp and his right hand is  holding an object and making gestures as he talks. the effect of secondary action humanise the character and adds realism to the animation. as humans we multitask a lot; we drink coffee whiles reading a gossip text from our lousy friend, talk not only with our mouths but with our arms, hands, facial expression which sometimes makes us look crazy and in need of a mental checkup but its human nature, those particular secondary action to norma's father's character added realism and humanised him so the audience can not only relate but also have the illusion that he is real.



owl city-fireflies fan made stopmotion video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkAVQfS8ZEw

the fan-made owl city video for their hit single "fireflies"uses both real people and objects in their stopmotion. in terms of the principles of animation, the makers of the video get brave and bold by breaking the principles of animation at the 30th second by making the character walk in an unnatural way. rather than following the arc principle, the character appears to be sliding everywhere as her way of walking, its effect on the audience is that it challenges them but also grabs and draws their attention in the minute they see the unnatural walk of the character.

The video does follow the secondary action principle at the 12th second as she holds the board with the magical eye, she also moves her arm and head. it's effect on the audience is that it brings back the realism to the character after having lost it by her unusual way of walking.
After breaking the arc rule by the character's walk, the video decides to follow it as the third minute and 34th second when she has a drink and her arm movement isn't unnatural. this of course that has a positive effect on the audience because not only does it add realism to the effect and humanise her even more which makes her more relatable to the audience.
the very noticeable animation principle in this video is the principle of time, the makers of the video didn't use a lot of frames per second so the video looks jumpy, its effect on the audience is that it makes it clear to them that this is in fact a stopmotion video.


twitter animation improvisation 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C068fLwk9Aw


the twitter animation improvisation uses the time animation principle very effectively by using a lot of frames per minute which makes the video appear much more smoother, it has a positive effect on the audience as they feel impressed by it. the video uses sound to create anticipation in the audience; at the 37th second , the soundtrack changes to identify danger and also reveal the characteristics of the sun glasses in the video which is the antagonist of the story, the music played before the glasses appear gives the impression to the audience that the sun glasses are the antagonist of the story.

the development of stopmotion specific from your timeline like king komg =cc

over the years the quality of stop motion has changed dramatically and amazingly. the cinematography behind stop motion in terms of quality and visuals has improved a lot thanks to the development in equipment such as; high definition cameras and more advanced stop motion software  such as I stop motion.
one of the biggest improvements is in the movements of the characters. when stop motion was still new in the early years, the movements of characters weren't smooth or impressive at all, they were rather jumpy and shaky. when you watch the earliest episodes of Wallace and gormit from 1989 or the original king Kong from 1933, each movement from the characters doesn't flow smoothly, but in 2012's stop motion film, paranorman, you can notice some improvements. the makers of the stop motion have noticed that adding more frames to each second would improve the smoothness of character movements and that discovery became a game changer.

the improvement of set design has improved a lot of the years, once again notice in Wallace and gormit at the second and minute and 30th second the lack or realism in the set. but over the years the sets have gotten much more realistic and better in terms of quality. during paranorman at the 30th second the set design is incredibly impressive and looks much more realistic because of its quality in both design and cinematography.
one of the advantages todays directors have is the use of green screen, they can computerise their sets and make everything looks magical and much more realistic which is one advantage the older stop motion never had.

the movements of the characters have improved, the movements of the characters in 2012' paranormal are much more smother than the movements of 1933's king kong and the mean tyrex.
during paranorman at the 23th second, the family of Norman are talking and you can tell that they're movements from their mouths, facial expression and other secondary action are more much smother and flows better than in king kong during the fight at the 19th second as him and the Terex are having a wrestling match.

Other than the movements of characters , the set and character designs have improved impressively over the years. comparing the 1989 Wallace and Gormit to their latest episode from 2014, you see alot of improvement not only in the miser e scene but also character sculpture. At the second minute and 34th second of one of the latest Wallace and gormit episodes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NKLjm2qoU0 as they sit on the dinner table, the set design is realistic and the characters have a great appearance compared to the 1989 episode where the set designs of every scene aren't realistic or creative and the characters don't look as professional as they do in this time period.


genre, style and audience

claymation has always typically been or children with shows such as shaun the sheep ,Fifi and the flowertots and wallace and gormit. but thanks to youtube a lot of fan made videos created by fans of stop motion have taken over and both their genre and target audience varies more than ever before.
famous youtuber Lee Hardcastle known for his remake of famous scenes from movies has claymation videos such as a good clay to die hard which is an action video and its targeted audience is a much higher audience than children. claymation that was typically known to be for children is now for all types of audiences and genres. other genres such as fantasies are better used with some elements of a green screen and added video effects simply because the development in technology. stop motions such as paranorman are great examples of the use of visual effects in a stop motion film, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlK99b8OQU4, notice at the 14th second the beautiful visuals that were created by visual effects, this has a great effect on the audience because it modernise the video whitch adds more relevance to it and makes it more enjoyable.

Another style of stop motion is live action. live action is quite the fascinating style simply because the freedom that comes with it, the director can literally flap his wings and not be afraid to fly with it because it isn't restricted to any type of audience. no one can guarantee when this freedom will last but stop motion makers sure are enjoying it whiles it lasts. videos such as bella, smart tech and  owl city fireflies (fanmade video) are all live action stop motion but they all have different types of audiences; children, adults, teenagers, and the advantages of the directors is they don't feel restricted to any of those targeted audience or even breaking a stereotype by picking a certain audience over the other. long live live action stop motion.




i certify this work as my own

unit 21 assignment 1

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1EIwxXDXBTxQ19rN01HaGpDNTQ/edit?usp=sharing