unit 23 assignment 1

 

 

multi camera production 

Multicamera is a method for shooting films using many different cameras. The cameras are set up in different places in order to gain a variety of shots, therefore cutting down the time taken to shoot. 

it is a mode of production, multicamera is a method of filmmaking and video production. Several cameras ;either film or professional video cameras are employed on the set and simultaneously record or broadcast a scene. 

 

single camera production. 

production using single camera format is generally used with just one camera and is mostly used in dramas, documentaries and comedies. Each shot and camera angle is taken by the one camera unlike a multi-camera format, where there is a camera for every angle and shot needed in a particular scene, which they are then switched to show these different perspectives.  

HOUSE OF CARDS. 

 

SUITS 

 

Pros and Cons of a multicamera set up. 

http://lisagg2.wordpress.com/2012/11/22/the-pros-and-cons-of-multi-cam/ 

http://journeytosuccess92.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/multi-camera-techniques.html 

http://bartiib.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/multi-camera-case-study.html 

The advantages and disadvantages  of a multicamera production        

. it is efficient.

. it is time saving

. cost : it costs a lot ; from the equipment,studio and other necessities 

. no room for errors: during filming if something went wrong whiles the production was live, there would be no undoing it.

NBA ALLSTAR GAME 2014.

 

This is an example of a multi camera production. one of the ways you can tell that they have used a multi camera set up to film this sports event is the variety of the shots that can only be established by having more than one camera. from 00:30 to 34 they cut from a high wide shot to a low medium shot form a different position. 

SATURDAY NIGHT LIVE

 

 We already know that the show Saturday night live is a multicamera production simply because one of the main aspects of a multicamera production is that it is live, and that's in the shows name. but more importantly during the show you notice that the show is live because it is also recorded with a live audience and at from 00:00 to 07:56 you can hear the audience's reaction throughout the show.

CELEBRITY JUICE.

 Celebrity juice also uses a multicamera production set up. from 03:20 to 03:30 there is a variety of camera shots of every single guests on the show and the presenter, that can only be accomplished with a multi camera setup. throughout the show from start to end you are aware that the show was filmed with a live audience. it makes the audience feel involved when they have the same reaction as the live audience its as if their all together even though they aren't.

HOT 95: ALICIA KEY'S INTERVIEW.

this is an interview Alicia keys did on the morning show at hot 97. the show definitely uses a multi camera set up in the most obvious way. the nature of which the set is set up has the presenter facing his guests with a table and radio mixer inbetween them, from 04:44 to 05:30 there is a variety of shots from mid shots of every guests and presenter, a wide shot of the guest and also a mid shot of the presenter from the guest's point of view, that makes it obvious that the show was able to establish those shots by using multiple cameras. that makes the audience feel involved in the conversation from each point of view.

all programs used multicamera techniques very well and effectively. however, the most common technique all programs used was achieving numerous cameras to achieve different camera shots.but the vision mixer must use those cameras to show the audience what is happening on the set, the program that did that well better than the rest was celebrity juice; the vision mixer changed shots very quickly and made the audience feel involved in the show by giving them a view of every guests and presenter and not favoring one more than the others. NBA all star game Saturday night live and celebrity juice also made it easier for people to recognise better than hot 95 they were multicamera production shows by using a live audience, the NBA game even visualised its audience so not only could you hear them you could see them along with numerous camera operators.
 

    

studio production presentation

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1EIwxXDXBTxUWptM2VXT2ltbzg/view?usp=sharing

unit 33 assignment 3 evaluation

EVALUATION


The good soldier stop motion

<iframe width="420" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/C-6M6Lu_YdM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

I set out to make a stop motion that contained a great message would have an impact on people, i wanted to use this opportunity of making a stop motion and make a short story that communicated one of my main beliefs in life and that belief was in the story of the good samaritan.
At first i wanted to take a comedic approach to the well known story but in the end i thought people would give it less value if its too humorous, i decided to take a rather dramatic and emotional approach to the story.

Using the parable of the good samaritan, i wanted to take the moral of the story and use it as an answer to some of the issues society and humanity face eg: gender equality, war, crime and other forms of injustice. the stop motion was supposed to trigger an emotional response in the audience and challenge them into thinking about those issues.
after showing it to a few viewers i am confident that the video did exactly what it was supposed to do, it got an emotional response from some audience members; mostly females, it was enjoyable and artistic to certain viewers eyes and more importantly it got everyone commenting and thinking on its content.

some of the best bits in the stop-motion are the in the det design;

The detail in the set design is what makes it great and gives it's realistic look ,granted the black and white effect does add some flair to it.

My favourite aspect of the stop motion is the street art, some of the art is from the famous artist "banksy", i am extremely fond of them because of their meaning and their contribution to the greatness of the set. they also assist the narrator in telling the story, at the 36th second the narrator says " for he journey'd back home to reconcile with his beloved" as he says beloved, the camera cuts to a shot on a street art thats promotes peace with a rose, it also stands as a double attendre for "his beloved".

I think the weakest parts of the stop motion are in the movement of the characters, although the movements were good , they could have been a lot better and a lot smoother. some camera movements could have been much more smother than they were; at one minute and 40 seconds the camera zooms out from a mid close up of the characters to zoom into a street art on the wall, the movement during the last zoom  could have been a lot smoother with the addition of more frames and a steady tripod.

My target audience was people of all ages but mainly from the age of 10+, the reason behind the age is because to be able to get the full message, some level of maturity is required. it is aimed at both male and female audiences. the parable of the good samaritan is a story from the bible so another huge part of my target audience was religious people who were familiar with the parable.
my story was an adapted version of the parable of the "good samaritan", the good samaritan is a well known story therefore that helped me achieve my goal of getting people from all age groups and background to watch it and understand it.

street art of feminism                                                

                                                               war and peace

                                                            
                                                         love

Peace

I used a variety of sounds from different soundtracks such as : sound effects of crickets, sound effects of the wind, voice over , soundtracks with a soft melody such as "valley exodus from the lorax soundtrack", "king Arthur by hans Zimmer" and aslo sound tracks with a hard melody ( 10000 BC the soundtrack). the most successful sounds were all the soundtracks because they played the vital part of triggering emotions at the right time in the audience.

Public screening questions:

1.what was your opinion on the storyline/narrative, was it easy to understand?

2. What was your opinion on the characters; how they were used and the design?

3. What did you think about the set design and the role it played in telling the story?

4. What was you opinion on the sound , was it used effectively?

5. The colour of the stop motion was black and white ,what was your opinion on it , what effect did it have on you?

6.which are of the whole production do you think could improve?

7. My target audience was specifically  from the age of 10+ but overall anyone from any age group or gender could have watched it. Do you think the stop motion did a good job at targetting my audience?.

Public screening answers.
. the common answers about the storyline were : it was very clear and easy to understand, it was great the way the story was used to link with issues society faces, it was thoughtful ,provoking and accessible. everyone thought the story was very thoughtful and relevant to society.

. the common answers about the character designs were : the characters were interesting, they loved how the soldiers wore different uniforms as a way of addressing not just one group of people but everyone. They loved the idea of having soldiers as characters.
my characters were soldiers and the biggest worry was that the female audience wouldn't relate to the characters or the story at all, but during conversations they never felt excluded as a gender and the characters appealed to them aswell as the male audience.

.  the common answers about the colours/drawings were: they loved the use of black and white because it added a seriousness to the tone of the animation and it was artistic, effective, different, unique, made the animation universal and unique. i was drawn to the use of black and white as a way of setting up the tone for the stop motion, i was inspired by frank miller's sin city , i thought people would find it boring but everyone loved it, they found it artistic and thought the black and white colour had a great effect on the audience.

. the common answers about the set were: it is well built, it's really realistic, the set told a story itself with the art that was in the background, it did not distract from the characters. what brought an incredible amount of joy to me was when the audience recognised what i was trying to do with the set. numerous people commented on the messages that was in the set design. each picture represented an idea and had a message within it, everyone commented on at least two street arts and how they made them feel.

. the common answers about what could be better were: the voice over could have been shorter , the glue used to stick the soldiers on the floor could have been neater.

. the common answers about the target audience were: the majority of people thought the stop motion targeted a wider range of audiences, from kids, young adults to adults. a number of people thought it was from the age of 12+ and others thought it didn't matter what age or how young because the stop motion contained nothing that was too graphic for younger kids.

I agree with most of the comments and truly am flattered  as they were incredibly positive and touching, the only comment i disagreed with was the over use of the voice over, i do think the stop motion would have been without the voiceover and still be great, but that would have made the stop motion less understandable to a younger audience that required the voiceover to get the full message behind the story.


Overall I really enjoyed the opening day public screening , I received kind, productive, interesting and flattering comments on my stop motion. Got to meet incredible people with such artistic views and hade great fun.

I have decided to compare my stop motion to the fan made captain America the winter soldier stop motion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BVZftOxIzW0

Granted in the captain America the winter soldier stop motion there is an incredible amount of fight moves and sequences and mine has none but I thought they were similar in terms of character designs. Both my characters and theirs were similar in terms of materials they were made of and the design. Comparing the way the maker of the captain America used his generic conventions and character movement to how I used mine, his video has a lot of movements as it is a fight heavy video and it contains a great number of stop motion principles such as gravity, arc, secondary action and mine only has a few. But in terms of set designs his designs and details in the set dims in comparison to mine, he excelled in the way he used his characters to tell the story and I excelled in the way I used the set as a story telling tool. We had similar soundtracks and used them the same way as they helped triggering emotions in the audience but the additional sound effects in captain America added to it greatly and gave it an edge. Overall both stop motions were good in different ways.

Peer analysis

The audience for my stop motion thought it had a very clear narrative and easily understandable, the reason was because it's from a well known story " the good samaritan".

as they reviewed the character design their words were " sick, ill, badman" in other words, they liked the characters and they were impressed. my stop motion had no colours as it was in black and white, they thought it was an effective and creative choice to have the stop motion in black and white.

they really enjoyed the set design and the set itself , " it looks realistic and creative". their advice on areas of improvement was to add a voice over of the narrator. and their last words were " its target audience is mature people and religious people", they also thought it would have a great female audience as one said " my girlfriend would like this, she likes feminist art".




 certify this work as my own

studio planning

Idea

My idea for a studio production is a show that will review the latest movies in popular cultures with different segments to it. the main segment will be a review a few of the latest movies eg: gone girl, dracula untold... talking about and debating the biggest movies, discussing in general, what they liked, their dislikes, what would have been better and basic general impression of the movie.

The second segment will be a movie versus, two similar movies will be chosen and two guest presenters will have a debate on which film is better, actor is better, or which adaptation of the same movie is better. eg: the dark knight rises vs. man of steel, which of the Nolan's batman trilogy is the best movie and so on.
At last the last segment of the show will be a skit created by the show runner , the skit will be a scene or short film that's inspired by the films chose on that episode, eg: a parody of batman going to the coffee shop, a scene from man of steel redone in a comical way....
The show will be based on the discussion of the latest movies, actors, directors and so ....


Target audience

My target audience will be a general movie watching audience from the age of 12+. people who regularly watch movies will be interested in the first segment of the show to get an idea of how good a particular movie they may want to watch is or how bad it is. the second segment will attract mainly the passionate movie fans as it will be comparing movies, actors, directors in depth. the last and final segment will gain a broader audience's attention as it will be a comedic remake or famous scenes or characters from popular movies.

Similar shows from mine are amc movie talk, amc versus, the arrow after show, Saturday night live...
their main audience are a tv and movie watching audience but due to the humour each show contains it attracts a lot f young audiences. each shows gets up to 20 to 60 thousand views per episode.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fAL3Qh7UwVM

constraints

A number of things could go wrong for our tv show for it requires a number of personells and time. it terms of personnels what could go wrong is crew members not meeting deadlines during the pre production stage, cast and crew having bad time keeping abilities during production, a member of the crew failing to appear on the day of shooting leaving a role unfilled. the presenters would have to be confident, charismatic and have great chemistry, anything less than that would affect the tone of the show and fail to attract the audience. the camera operator,vision mixer or sound mixer... would need great knowledge on the equipment, if they didn't it could also affect the show.


genre

The genre of my show is a comedy, entertainment and review, in terms of genres the show will have aspects of many genres, the entertainment will be with the presenters, it could class as news because discussions about new films and other big hollywood news will take place, and its comedic aspect will be in  the skits segments.

The typical conventions of a comedic show is all in the presenters, a comedic show relies a lot on its presenter and guest to be humorous and charismatic. with my tv show is intend not only to follow the conventions of a normal tv show by having a hilarious presenter, but a lot of its comedy will come from its skits.
Skits are typically funny because of its ridiculous characters and narrative storylines, a show that manages to have amazing impressive skits is saturday night live. by creating their own original skits an also using famous movie characters and stars in their own comedic takes on big hollywood movie scenes ,they have a massive audience. i intend to use my skits in a way that they use theirs.

Typical movie review shows are highly informative and they tend to have a serious tone to them, with my show the tone will be much lighter but maintain its informative aspect.

Guests and crew

The show will require numerous personells to make it work , in terms of crew a director will be needed so will the production manager, floor manager, sound mixer, vision mixer, camera operators, three presenters and actors. the show will have three  segments; the first which is the film review will require one presenter, the second which is the movie versus will require and presenter and two guests , the last segment which is the skit will require a director, film crew and actors to write, produce and make a short skit.

Three cameras will be needed, three microphones, visual effects and other tv essential materials.

Vt

The vt that will need to be filmed before the show airs is the skit that will fit into its last segment.
the last segment of show treats the audience with a hilarious and entertaining skit and for that to happen the skit will need to be shot prior the shooting of the show.

Outline structure 

Three acts structure

First act:

The presenter will introduce the show and kick start it with a quick review of some of the big movies that were released that weekend in the cinemas, he will then introduce the film the majority of the audience liked in particular order.

Act 2

The presenter will welcome two guest , introduce which films, directors, actors have been nominated for the movie versus, the topic will be introduced and the debate will begin.

Act 3

The debate will end, the show presenter will ask the viewers of the show to contact the show online and have a vote on who they think won that debate, the show will draw to an end but before ending the show the presenter will introduce the skit of the week right before it is played.























c

unit 33 assignment 2

Treatment

Inspired by the parable of the good samaritan. a Jewish traveler is robbed and injured on a Journey but the priest and Pharisee although looking at him do nottcharacter ds they nteodeffects parabt to becomethe main ... while a samaritan despised by the jews does stop and help the man even taking ambient sound, sound tracks, an inn and paying for him this shows how we shoudramatic thneighbours. although the original story was set in jerusalem and in the old age, my stop motion will be set in the 21st century and the characters will be non human characters. the moral of the story will remain... in life we should aspire to be nice to our neighbours and make the world a better place through great acts of service.

The opening of the stop motion will showcase the mise en scene more than the character. The location will be an empty street. The right side of the street will look appealing to the eye and rather fancy as a representation of wealth and upperclass. The left will look less appealing with less beautiful buildings, but both will have one thing in common and thats street art. The street art will have some messages with them about humanity such as; stop the violence, gang signs, the sign for "where is the love" and more. there will be a narrator in the background.

The story will then take place as the main character is introduced, he will have the appearance of a solidier as a way of getting the audience to sympathise with him at first sight. As he walks down the neighbourhood he will be attacked by what a gang of rogue who will assault him badly. After the assault  as the narrator continues the priest will walk past the assaulted victim so will the rich man. At last the character representing the samaritan will have the appearance a foreign soldier. he will then care for him and help him resume his journey, the setting will change as he enters the house , the art and decoration of the house will carry some messages with them too about humanity as the mise en scene in the first act did. The story will draw near to its end as the narrator explains the message behind the story and some art reflecting on our world will appear on the screen.

The stop motion is targeted at a general audience; from young children from the age of 5+, teenagers and adults, the message behind it applies to both children and adults. Every aspect of the stop motion from the mise en scene, dialogue, character and music will be carry a message that is related to everyone. 

The stop motion will be more appealing to religious people who are more familiar with the parable.

Christians are more familiar with it because it is in their holy book ( the bible), but the overall message of the parable is found in other religions such as islam: "the qur-an: if you give alms openly, it is well; but if you do it secretly and give to the poor, that is better". the buddhist know it as the act of charity.

The use of modern street art, popular music and the dialogue will attract the other part of the audience which is non religious people.

The use of the upper class and low class sides of the street will aim the video at both different group of people. The use of toy soldiers will draw the children's attention in, the use dialogue of the narrator will appeal to the adults. The music will attract the teens as some song will be songs from the charts that reflect of on the mood of the scene; as the soldier walks down peacefully happy by pharrell will play but the minute the gang makes their appearance the music will change into a kanye west song with a hard tone. 

More importantly the street signs will appeal more teenager and adults from 16+ as they will contain signs such as the international sign for peace, love and so on. They will be drawn in an artistic way that will catch the eyes attention at first glance. 

The deign of the characters will be really specific; all characters will be soldiers but there will be a difference is uniforms. the soldier playing the role of the good samaritan will have a darker uniform from the soldier that's been attacked; the reason behind that difference is to show that you dont have to look the same or be the same to help each other. the antagonists of the story will poses guns as props to villainise them.[[[

My stop motion is similar to the "the walking dead: episode 2- mercy of the living (stop motion) that is found on youtube. Besides the characters, its mise en scene is impressive as it is real live designs of houses, streets and props. Just like the walking dead stop motion, my stop motion will have a mise en scene that resembles real locations. It also uses a range of shots from all angles and sides, the character is shown from every angle and side. That is the storytelling element of my stop motion that will add more interest in to the animation. Just like the walking dead stop motion, mine will use sound effectively to prompt the audience into anticipation danger and feel emotions.


Peer analysis of treatment 

the reviews of my treatment by fellow classmates were rather helpful and insightful. they all agreed with the plot and narrative of the story but their common comment was " it is an important message for both old and new generation; treat people the same way you would like to be treated, with love and kindness.
everyone understood the characters and could visualise thanks to "the great detail that was in the description" charlotte makin. everyone understood the targeted audience and understood why its a broad target audience because " it a story thats proven to be appealing to people of all ages, children and adults" matt ben.

everyone saw the genre not because i said in the treatment but because of the plot of the story, they thought i did infact use examples of other similar videos and one that really stuck out to the majority was the "walking dead stop motion" as they appreciated the detail in the mise en scene.
there were no suggestions made of other videos to examine, everyone thought the description of the set design that i described in my treatment was going to be similar to the one used in the walking dead as it resembles real locations. they complimented me on the detail in the principles and choices that i have made ,especially the choice to use soundtrack to create anticipation and emotion.

Storyboard

set designs

character designs

sound.

the stopmotion will begin with nothing but ambiet sound as the wind blows. at the 5th second a soundtrack will appear along with the narrator as the story begins, at the tenth second the main character will be introduced and a change of soundtrack will appear, the purpose of the soundtrack change is to communicate the mood and emotions of the character (happy).

a few seconds after a dramatic soundtrack change will take place as we introduce the antagonists. the use of soundtracks will indicate the emotions and also help communicate the narrative. sound effects will be used as the main character gets abused as a tool to add realism to the stopmotion. 

the narrator, ambient sound, different soundtracks, and sound effects will all be used to help tell this story.



 i certify this work as my own

zoetrope

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1EIwxXDXBTxQmR1YzdMZW9xdkE/edit?usp=sharing

ZOETROPE.

A zoetrope is one of several pre‑cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. Wikipedia

A zoetrope is one of several pre-cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning".

The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion. From the late 20th century, devices working on similar principles have been developed, named analogously as linear zoetropes and 3D zoetropes, with traditional zoetropes referred to as "cylindrical zoetropes" if distinction is needed.

A zoetrope is one of several pre-cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning".

The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion. From the late 20th century, devices working on similar principles have been developed, named analogously as linear zoetropes and 3D zoetropes, with traditional zoetropes referred to as "cylindrical zoetropes" if distinction is needed.

Throughout its thirty-year history American Zoetrope has sought new creative possibilities in technology. We continue to produce films and offer post-production services from our headquarters, the historic Sentinel Building in San Francisco's North Beach. And we continue to explore the creative possibilities of new technology.

Within this website is one such experiment, the Zoetrope Virtual Studio, a complete motion picture production studio on the Web. It offers powerful collaborative tools for writers, directors, producers and other film artists. It also includes a number of film-related discussion sections and chat rooms. Join the Virtual Studio. 

http://www.zoetrope.com/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetrope 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_8fX-N3Ji4

Attachments area

Preview YouTube video Zoetrope

Zoetrope

A zoetrope is one of several pre-cinema animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion. The name zoetrope was composed from the Greek root words ζωή zoe, "life" and τρόπος tropos, "turning".

The zoetrope consists of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion. From the late 20th century, devices working on similar principles have been developed, named analogously as linear zoetropes and 3D zoetropes, with traditional zoetropes referred to as "cylindrical zoetropes" if distinction is needed.

A device which one historian of Chinese technology called "a variety of zoetrope" was created around 100 BC by the inventor Ding Huan (丁緩),^[1] but the exact nature of that device, which is commonly misreported in derivative sources, and the historian's definition of "a variety of zoetrope" are both very unclear.^[2]

The basic drum-like form of the zoetrope was created in 1833^[3] or 1834 by British mathematician William George Horner, who was aware of the recently invented and closely related phenakistoscope disc.^[4]Horner's revolving drum had viewing slits between the pictures. He called it the "daedaleum" (sometimes misspelled "daedalum" or "daedatelum" and erroneously claimed to mean "the wheel of the devil"), a reference to the Greek myth of Daedalus.^[4] The daedaleum failed to become popular until the 1860s, when a variant with the viewing slits on a level above the pictures, which allowed the use of easily replaceable continuous strips of images, was patented by both English and American makers, including Milton Bradley. The American inventor William F. Lincoln named his version the "zoetrope", meaning "wheel of life".^[5]

The zoetrope works on the same principle as the phenakistoscope but is more convenient and allows the animation to be viewed by several people at the same time. Instead of being radially arrayed on a disc, the sequence of pictures depicting phases of motion is on a paper strip. For viewing, this is placed against the inner surface of the lower part of an open-topped metal drum, the upper part of which is provided with a vertical viewing slit across from each picture. The drum, on a spindle base, is spun. Due to persistence of vision, viewers looking in through the passing slits see each picture on the strip seem to be suddenly replaced by the next in the sequence. The phi phenomenon is responsible for the illusion of animation. The faster the drum is spun, the smoother the animation appears.

The earliest projected moving images were displayed using a magic lantern zoetrope. This crude projection of moving images occurred as early as the 1860s.

The praxinoscope was an improvement on the zoetrope that became popular toward the end of the 19th century,^[6] displacing the zoetrope for practical uses; a magic lantern praxinoscope was demonstrated in the 1880s.

For displaying moving images, zoetropes were displaced by more advanced technology, notably film and later television. However, in the early 1970s, Sega used a mechanism similar to an ancient zoetrope in order to create electro-mechanical arcade games that would resemble later first-person video games.^[7]

Since the late 20th century, zoetropes have seen occasional use for artwork, entertainment, and other media use, notably as linear zoetropes on subway lines, and from the early 21st century some 3D zoetropes.

1. a 19th-century optical toy consisting of a cylinder with a series of pictures on the inner surface that, when viewed through slits with the cylinder rotating, give an impression of continuous motion.

   The zoetrope (pronounced ZOH-uh-trohp), invented in 1834 by William George Horner, was an early form of motion picture projector that consisted of a drum containing a set of still images, that was turned in a circular fashion in order to create the illusion of motion. Horner originally called it the Daedatelum, but Pierre Desvignes, a French inventor, renamed his version of it the zoetrope (from Greek word root zoo for animal life and tropefor "things that turn.")

   A zoetrope is relatively easy to build. It can be turned at a variable rate to create slow-motion or speeded-up effects. Like other motion simulation devices, the zoetrope depends on the fact that the human retina retains an image for about a tenth-of-a-second so that if a new image appears in that time, the sequence was seem to be uninterrupted and continuous. It also depends on what is referred to as the Phi phenomenon, which observes that we try to make sense out of any sequence of impressions, continuously relating them to each other.

   The visual effect created by a zoetrope (or zoopraxiscope) is still used today to createanimated GIFs and video display technologies such as streaming video, which essentially create an effect of motion by presenting discrete but closely-related images one after the other.

   The zoetrope is one of several animation toys which were invented in the
   19th century, as people experimented with ways to make moving pictures. 
   The zoetrope appeared first in England in 1834, then France in 1860 and
   finally the United States in 1867. The "Daedatelum" was invented by William 
   George Horner in 1834 and renamed "Zoetrope" by French inventor, Pierre Desvignes. In "zoetrope" you might recognize the root word "zoo" from a Greek word meaning animal or life. "Trope" is also from Greek and refers to things that turn.

   

   
   

   
   

   
   

   ZOETROPE 

   
   

   

   
   

   Video Example of a zoetrope

   
   

   

   
   

   
   

   The zoetrope was invented in 1834 by William George Horner, it was one of the

   earliest forms of a motion picture projector that consisted of a drum containing a set of still images, that was turned in a circular fashion in order to create the illusion of motion.

   
   

   
   

    Zoetrope's consist of a cylinder with slits cut vertically in the sides. On the inner surface of the cylinder is a band with images from a set of sequenced pictures. As the cylinder spins, the user looks through the slits at the pictures across. The scanning of the slits keeps the pictures from simply blurring together, and the user sees a rapid succession of images, producing the illusion of motion.

   
   

   
   

   A zoetrope is relatively easy to build. It can be turned at a variable rate to create slow-motion or speeded-up effects.  Also the visual effect created by a zoetrope is still used today to create animated GIFs and video display technologies such as streaming video, which essentially create an effect of motion by presenting discrete but closely-related images one after the other.

   
   

   
   

   a zoetrope is a device that has pictures or photos on and slits on the outside.

   when its spun, it produces an illusion of movement when the user looks at the photos or pictures through the slits

   

   it was invented in 1834 by William Horner. he orgnially called it the Daedalum (wheel of the devil) His invention was strangely forgotten until 1867. its the third majoy optical toy.

   a sequence of hand draw pictures were placed around the inner bottom of the drum and slots were then cut equally on the outer surface of the drum. To create the illusion of the pictures moving, you drum was span. The faster it was span, the smoother the pictures moved. the scanning of the slits, kept the images from blurring together

   
   

   when the praxinoscope was invented, the zoetrope got declinded. the  praxinoscope offers a clearer, brighter image, but then, in 1889, George Eastman invented flexible photographic film, which allowed a lot of film to be held on one reel. zoetrope picture strips were limited to about 15 pictures per strip, devices using reels of the new flexible film could present longer animations to viewers. 

   then in 1895, modern cinema was made. Once moving pictures could be projected on a large screen, optical toys such as the zoetrope became used less and less frequently.

   
   There is also 3D zoetrope that makes static 3D sculptures appear to move and come to life. Using strobe LED lights and 18 characters, each in a different pose, on a rotating platform. The 3D Zoetrope recreates the effect of looking through slits of the original zoetropes. The models are mounted on a rotating base and the light flashes on and off with a small fraction of a second as each model passes the same spot. Toy Story was made by using 3D zoetrope.